Arrangements for detecting rotational or translatory movement and the direction thereof

ABSTRACT

The invention concerns arrangements for detecting a rotational or translatory movement between a signal-generating element having a symmetrical magnetic field and means for detecting the magnetic field of the signal-generating element. According to the invention, an analogue, magnet-sensitive sensor element is aligned such that the normal vector of the sensitive surface of the sensor element forms an angle to a vector pointing vertically from the sensor element perpendicularly to the axis of the signal-generating element. The sensor element generates signal pulses whose shapes between their edges are dependent on the direction of movement and rise or fall, such that, when the direction of movement is reversed, the sign of the signal shape changes. The invention proposes simple arrangements for detecting a rotational or translatory movement which requires only one sensor element yet has high resolution.

BACKGROUND

The invention concerns arrangements for detecting a rotational ortranslatory movement.

Arrangements are known in which the rotational speed and the rotationaldirection of a rotary drive are determined by means of two Hall sensorsoffset from each other by 90°. For these arrangements, a N-S magnetizedannular magnet is disposed concentric to the drive axis and nonrotatablyconnected thereto. During rotation of the annular magnet, the two Hallsensors disposed laterally to the annular magnet are each penetrated bya variable magnetic field. The magnetic field changes appearing on thesensors are converted by means of threshold value switches into twobinary pulse sequences offset from each other by 90°. By counting thenumber of pulses per time unit, the rotational speed of the rotary drivecan be determined; and by comparison of the two pulse sequences, thedirection of rotation can also be determined.

Disadvantageously, two sensors are necessary in these arrangements fordetection of the rotational speed and rotational direction. Because ofthe need for exact positioning of the two sensors relative to each otherand relative to the axis of rotation, expensive construction isassociated therewith. Cost-intensive bonding and connection of the twoHall sensors are also necessary.

From DE 42 33 549 Al, a device for detection of the rotational speed andthe rotational direction of a rotary drive is known, which has amagnetic signal-generating element nonrotatably connected with therotary drive. During rotation of the signal-generating element, arotational direction encoded magnetic field, which is detected by asensor and fed to an electric evaluation unit, is created. Since duringrotation of the signal-generating element, a rotational directionencoded magnetic field is created, only one sensor is necessary fordetection of the direction of rotation. Encoding of the direction ofrotation occurs, for example, by means of an eccentric rotation of anannular magnet around the axis of the rotary drive or by encoding themagnetic field of the annular magnet.

Disadvantageous in the known device is the fact that encoding of themagnetic field is essential for detection of the direction of rotation.Simple to produce, inexpensive symmetrical annular magnets in concentricarrangement can, consequently, not be used.

From DE 44 23 461 Al, a volumeter for determination of the flow volumeof a liquid through a volumeter body is known, wherein a magnet wheel isdisposed nonrotatably on a screw rod with which a sensor arrangementwith one sensor is associated. During rotation of the magnetic poleshoes of the magnetic wheel, an asymmetric magnetic field which enablesdetection of the direction of rotation develops on the sensor. With thisdevice, a rotational direction encoded magnetic field is likewisegenerated.

DE 35 43 603 A1 describes a position detector with a ferromagneticmagnetoresistor unit, which is disposed at an angle relative to amultipolar annular magnet. A sensor to detect the magnetic leakage fieldof the annular magnet is disposed on the magnetoresistor unit. Becauseof the inclination of the magnetoresistor unit, the sensor is likewisedisposed at an angle; however, it is not described that rotationdirection-dependent signals are in any way evaluated.

From DE 41 25 482 A1, a synchro system with an annular magnet and twomagnetic field sensor elements disposed offset relative to each other inthe circumferential direction of the axis of rotation on a common sensorcarrier is known. The two sensor elements are attached with anarrangement of their measurement axes parallel to each other on amounting surface, which runs obliquely inclined relative to the axis ofrotation of the magnetic element.

DE 41 13 880 A1 describes the realization of a fixed predetermined phaseangle distance between measurement signals which are shifted by 90°relative to each other. For this, two Hall elements are fixedly mountedon a one-piece sensor carrier, and, in fact, on two mounting surfacesdisposed at an angle relative to each other.

From EP 151 002 A2, an arrangement is known whereby the magnetic fieldgenerating part is located on the sensor element. A tipping of thesensor element takes place in order to adjust a specific magnetic fieldon the sensor favorable for measurement, but not for detection of arotation direction-dependent signal.

The prior art is thus characterized by the fact that for detection ofthe direction of rotation either two sensors are used or encoding of themagnetic field occurs.

It is further known, for the determination of the speed of a translatorymovement between two parts of an aggregate, to provide one aggregatepart with a symmetrical magnet extending longitudinally and the otheraggregate part with a Hall sensor such that upon relative movement ofthe aggregate parts, the Hall sensor moves parallel to the magnet andthus the magnetic field lines of the magnet pass through the Hallsensor. Disadvantageously, in such an arrangement it is impossible toalso determine the direction of movement between the parts of theaggregate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention is to provide a simple arrangement for thedetection of a rotational or translatory movement between asymmetrically structured magnet and a magnetic sensor element, wherebychanges in the magnet's field strength act on the sensor element, forexample, a Hall element. The arrangement should ensure reliabledetection of rotational or translatory movement with only one sensorelement, whereby a reversal of movement should be detectable within onesignal period.

The solution according to the invention enables direction encoding withonly one sensor element by means of a special alignment of an analog,magnet-sensitive sensor element. The solution according to the inventionprovides an intentional tipping or shifting of the sensor element incontrast to a transverse orientation of the sensor element relative tothe signal-generating element. Thus, altered signals with additionalinformational value are created, which are used for the reliabledetection of the rotational or translatory movement. The sensor elementgenerates signal pulses which have a rising or falling signal waveformbetween their edges depending on the direction of movement. Uponreversal of the direction of movement, the sign of the signal waveformchanges. Thus, a reversal of the direction, in particular, can beevaluated with high accuracy.

Transverse orientation of the sensor element is understood to mean anorientation in which the normal vector of the sensitive surface of thesensor element is perpendicular to the axis of the signal-generatingelement. A transverse orientation of the sensor element relative to thesignal-generating element or its axis is used in all arrangements knownin the prior art for detection of a translatory or rotational movement,since in this orientation the active component of the magnetic fieldand, accordingly, the signal generated, is the greatest. The signalassociated with a transverse alignment of the sensor element is,however, not only maximal, but also symmetrical, such that nodirectional data are included in the signal.

In contrast, the present invention provides that the normal vector ofthe sensor element is not perpendicular to the axis of thesignal-generating element. Thus, with a relative movement between thesignal-generating element and the sensor element there is a rise or fallof the magnetic field measured, depending on the direction of movement,and on the strength of the respective transverse component of the vectorof the magnetic field applied to the sensor element.

The solution according to the invention enables, in particular, an exactdetermination of a reversal of direction, since a symmetric signaldevelops only with a reversal of direction. Because of the deviation ofthe sensor element from the transverse position, the signal generatedduring right-hand rotation or left-hand rotation is not symmetric, butrises or falls. This rising or falling shape of the signal is likewisereversed upon a reversal of direction such that a maximum or minimum ofthe magnetic field strength is created. A symmetric signal is alsocreated with this maximum or minimum as its center. This signal isreadily detectable in a connected evaluation unit and indicates theexact point of the reversal of direction.

Moreover, the solution according to the invention enables detection ofchanges in speed, i.e., accelerations, within a pulse generated by a N-or S-magnetized region of the signal-generating element. Thus, the shapeof the current or voltage signal generated in the sensor element changeswhen acceleration occurs, in particular the deviation of the signal isnot constant.

In a first variant of the invention, the detection of a rotationalmovement occurs. A corresponding arrangement for detection of the angleof rotation, the speed of rotation, and/or the direction of rotation ofa rotary drive has a signal-generating element, which is nonrotatablyconnected with the axis of rotation of the rotary drive. An analog,magnet-sensitive sensor element is associated therewith, whereby thenormal vector of the sensitive surface of the sensor element forms,according to the invention, an angle with a vector pointing from thesensor element to the axis of rotation of the signal-generating element.

In a preferred embodiment of this variant, the sensor element is tippedrelative to an axis which runs parallel to the axis of rotation. Thenormal vector of the sensitive surface of the sensor element ispreferably disposed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Inthis embodiment, there is a tipping of the sensor element relative to atransverse orientation relative to the axis of rotation.

In an alternative embodiment, the sensor element is laterally offsetfrom a transverse orientation relative to the axis of rotation of thesignal-generating element. Thus, here, there is no tipping, but rather alateral shifting of the sensor element. The result is the same, since asymmetrical signal is likewise no longer generated in the sensorelement.

An annular magnet or a magnetic disk is preferably used as thesignal-generating element. To generate a symmetrical, periodic magneticfield, the annular magnet or the magnetic disk has along itscircumference segments of different magnetic polarity N, S. Theindividual sectors are uniformly disposed and are identical in size.

A Hall sensor is preferably used as the magnet-sensitive sensor element.The semiconductor wafer of the Hall sensor represents the sensitivesurface of the sensor element, which is aligned according to theinvention. With perpendicular incidence of the magnetic field lines onthe semiconductor wafer, a maximum signal is generated.

With the present invention, among other things, the nonsymmetricalvoltage waveform of the individual pulses of the analog voltage signalgenerated is evaluated. Thus, there is preferably an evaluation of thesignal before a conversion of the analog signal into a digital signal.Otherwise, only the speed of rotation but not the direction of rotationcan be determined. Consequently, it is preferable not to provide athreshold value switch to generate a digital signal until after theevaluation unit. However, it is also conceivable that both a firstevaluation device and a threshold value switch are already integratedinto the sensor element.

In a second variant of the invention, a translatory movement isdetected. In this case, the signal-generating element extends preferablyin the longitudinal direction and has alternating segments of differentmagnetic polarity N, S. The normal vector of the sensitive surface ofthe sensor element associated with the signal-generating element formsan angle relative to a vector from the sensor element perpendicular tothe axis of the signal-generating element.

In a preferred embodiment of this variant of the invention, thesignal-generating element is a bar magnet or a magnetic strip, which is,for example, connected with an aggregate part.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is explained in detail in the following with reference tothe figures using several exemplary embodiments. They depict:

FIG. 1 schematically, an arrangement for detection of the angle ofrotation, the speed of rotation, and/or the direction of rotation of arotary drive;

FIG. 2 a cross-section through an arrangement according to the inventionwith a Hall sensor disposed at an angle;

FIGS. 2a-2 b schematically, the geometric relationships of thearrangement with a sensor element disposed transversely and at an angle,respectively;

FIG. 3 a cross-section through an arrangement according to the inventionwith a Hall sensor shifted laterally out of the transverse position;

FIGS. 4a-4 c the waveform of the magnetic field strength on a Hallsensor over an angular region of 720° in an arrangement according toFIG. 2 or 3 in the case of right-hand rotation, left-hand rotation, anda change in direction, respectively;

FIG. 5 the waveform of the magnetic flux density on a Hall sensor uponoccurrence of a change in speed of rotation;

FIG. 6 for explanation of the principles underlying the invention, anillustration of the variation in the normal component of magnetic fieldstrength on the sensor element during the movement of a sensor elementdisposed at an angle in the magnetic field of a bar magnet;

FIG. 6a for explanation of the principles underlying the invention, thevoltage waveform on the sensor element during the left-to-right movementof the sensor element disposed at an angle in the magnetic field of abar magnet;

FIG. 6b for explanation of the principles underlying the invention, thevoltage waveform on the sensor element during the right-to-left movementof the sensor element disposed at an angle in the magnetic field of abar magnet;

FIG. 7a schematically, an arrangement for the detection of a translatorymovement between a signal-generating element extending longitudinallyand a Hall sensor according to the prior art, and

FIG. 7b schematically, an arrangement according to the invention for thedetection of a translatory movement between a signal-generating elementextending longitudinally and a Hall sensor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 schematically depicts an arrangement for detection of the angleof rotation, the speed of rotation, and/or the direction of rotation ofa rotary drive 1. An annular magnet 3 serving as a signal-generatingelement is disposed nonrotatably and concentrically on the axis ofrotation 2 of the rotary drive 1. The annular magnet has N-S magnetizedsectors of equal size. The attachment of the annular magnet 3 on theaxis of rotation 2 is effected, for example, by gluing.

A Hall sensor 6, which generates, during rotation of the annular magnet3, a Hall voltage, which is proportional to the magnetic field strengthon the Hall sensor 6, is associated with the annular magnet 3. The Hallsensor 6 is connected via a line to an evaluation unit 7, to which thevoltage signal detected is fed and which performs a signal evaluation,as will be explained in detail in the following.

A worm gear unit with a worm 4 rigidly connected to the axis of rotation2, which worm meshes with a worm gear 5, is provided for the conversionof the rotational movement of the rotary drive 1 into a translatorymovement. The worm gear 5 is connected to a drive element (not shown),for example, a cable drum or a pinion. Alternatively to a worm gearunit, other gear units may, of course, be used.

A preferred application is in a use for window lifters and sun roofs inmotor vehicles. The period of one revolution of the rotary drive motorin these applications is typically 14 to 15 milliseconds. To be able toensure trouble free operation and, in particular, protection againstjamming of a window lifter, it is essential to accurately detect atevery instant the angle of rotation, the speed of rotation, and thedirection of rotation of the rotary drive 1. By means of the detectionof these variables, it is possible to uniquely detect the position anddirection of movement as well as the dynamic characteristics of adisplaceable object driven by the rotary drive 1, for example, anelectrically adjustable window pane or a sun roof. Dynamiccharacteristics here are speed and acceleration values of thedisplaceable object.

FIG. 2 depicts a first arrangement wherein, in addition to the speed ofrotation, it is possible to detect the angle of rotation, the directionof rotation, and, in particular, an exact reversal of direction usingonly one sensor element.

According to FIG. 2, a N-S magnetized annular permanent magnet 3 withtwo equal-sized sectors 31, 32 of different polarity N, S is disposed onthe axis of rotation 2.

A Hall sensor 6 is associated with the annular magnet 3. The Hall sensor6 usually consists in a known manner of a thin, rectangularsemiconductor wafer 61, provided with electrodes (not shown). When thewafer 61 is penetrated by the magnetic field lines of the annular magnet3, a Hall voltage, which is proportional to the component of themagnetic field perpendicular to the semiconductor wafer 61, appearsbetween the electrodes mounted on the longitudinal sides of thesemiconductor wafer 61. The semiconductor wafer 61 represents thesensitive surface of the sensor element 6. The sign of the Hall voltagechanges when the magnetic field direction changes.

The Hall sensor 6 is aligned relative to the annular magnet 3 or itsaxis of rotation 2 such that the normal vector 81 to the semiconductorwafer 61 does not point, as in known sensor arrangements, in thedirection of the axis of rotation 2, but rather is disposed at an angleto the (imaginary) vector 82 pointing at the axis of rotation 2. TheHall sensor 6 is, in this case, tipped relative to an axis which runssubstantially parallel to the axis of rotation 2, whereby the normalvector 81 of the sensitive surface 61 of the Hall sensor 6 lies in theplane perpendicular to the axis of rotation 2, in which the annularmagnet 3 also is found.

In other words, the Hall sensor 6 is aligned such that the sensitivesurface 61 of the sensor 6 has an orientation which deviates from atangential position on an imaginary circle drawn around the axis ofrotation 2. FIGS. 2a and 2 b clarify this depiction of the arrangementof the Hall sensor 6 with respect to an annular magnet 3 or a magneticdisk 3. In FIG. 2a, the sensor element 6 is disposed, according to theprior art, transverse to the annular magnet or magnetic disk 3 and,consequently, is tangential to an imaginary circle 9 around the axis ofrotation 2 and the annular magnet or magnetic disk 3. In FIG. 2b, thesensor element 6 has been tipped by an angle β such that the sensitivesurface 61 is no longer tangential to the circle 9.

By the orientation of the Hall sensor 6 deviating from a transverseposition, a voltage signal is generated on the Hall sensor 6 duringrotation of the annular magnet 3, which signal has a rising or fallingvoltage waveform for each sector 31, 32 and, consequently, is notsymmetric. Consequently, in addition to the speed of rotation, the angleof rotation and the direction of rotation are also encoded by the signaldetected. This is clear from the signal waveforms depicted in FIGS. 4a-4c.

FIGS. 4a-4 c depict the Hall voltage U generated in the arrangementaccording to FIG. 2 as a function of the angle of rotation of theannular magnet 3. The Hall voltage U is proportional to the magneticfield strength H on the Hall sensor 6.

Because of the tipped orientation of the Hall sensor 6, the voltagewaveforms generated by the Hall sensor 6 during the travel of a sector31, 32 of the annular magnet 3 past the Hall sensor 6, i.e., through anangular region of 180°, are not substantially constant and symmetric,but rise or drop. FIG. 4a depicts the case of right-hand rotation; andFIG. 4b, the case of left-hand rotation.

According to FIGS. 4a and 4 b, the Hall voltage 10 has a differentmagnitude both with right-hand and with left-hand rotation, at thebeginning and at the end of a pulse A generated by a passing sector 31,32. For comparison, FIG. 4a depicts the voltage waveform 11 for theregion up to 180° during detection of the magnetic field by a Hallsensor aligned on the axis of rotation 2 in the prior art manner. Here,the voltage values detected at the beginning and the end of a pulse Aare identical and the voltage waveform is symmetrical.

The Hall voltage U detected by the Hall sensor 6 disposed at an angleaccurately encodes, as explained in the following, the angle ofrotation, the speed of rotation, the direction of rotation, changes indirection, as well as changes in rotational speed.

To detect the speed of rotation, the individual pulses A are convertedin a known manner by means of a Schmitt trigger into a digital meterpulse sequence. By counting the individual digital pulses, the speed ofrotation is determined. The number of digital pulses during a specifictime interval yields the average speed of rotation during the timeinterval in question.

Detection of a direction of rotation is possible through a valuation ofthe voltage waveform 10 within a pulse A. The sign of the voltage curve,i.e., the rise direction, changes with a reversal of direction ofrotation. The evaluation of the voltage waveform 10, consequently,enables direct determination of the direction of rotation. Within avoltage pulse A, each angular position of the annular magnet 3corresponds to a specific voltage value such that the angle of rotationis very accurately detectable by means of the current voltage value. Ofcourse, an evaluation of the voltage waveform 10 occurs before theanalog signal is converted into a digital rotation pulse sequence, sincethe information concerning the direction of rotation and the angle ofrotation is lost in the process.

FIG. 4c depicts the case of a change in direction of the rotationalmovement. With a change in direction—and only then—there is asymmetrical signal waveform 10 a. Thus, the magnetic field strength onthe Hall sensor 6 and, thus, the voltage signal detected after a changein direction is a mirror image relative to the time of the change indirection. The time of a change in direction can be detected veryexactly in that the maximum 12 or minimum of the symmetrical signaloccurring at the time of a change in direction is determined. Because ofthe asymmetrical voltage waveform within a pulse A, a voltage maximum orminimum always occurs of necessity at the time of a change in direction.

Moreover, the waveform 10 very precisely, i.e., within one voltage pulseA, encodes a possible change in speed, or acceleration, of the rotationof the rotary drive 1. A possible voltage waveform is depicted in FIG.5. With an accelerated movement, the shape of the waveform changes suchthat the curve is not substantially linear (voltage waveform 10), butrather rises in a nonlinear fashion (voltage waveform 10 b). Anaccelerated movement is clearly detectable, for instance, through theformation of the first deviation of the voltage signal. In FIG. 5, theshapes of the curves are presented in idealized fashion to illustratethe principle applied. In actuality, the individual pulses A have, asdepicted in FIGS. 4a-4 c, a small intermediate maximum or minimum.However, this does not alter the fact that with an accelerated movement,the first deviation of the detected signal appears.

FIG. 3 depicts another arrangement that enables detection of the angleof rotation, the speed of rotation, and/or the direction of rotation ofa rotary drive with only one sensor 6. In contrast with the arrangementof FIG. 2, the sensor 6 here is not tipped by an angle β out of thetransverse position, but is laterally shifted out of the transverseposition (depicted by dashed lines) . In this case as well, the normalvector 83 of the sensitive surface 61 of the sensor 6 does not point inthe direction of the axis of rotation 2, but forms an angle β relativeto a vector 84 pointing from the sensor element 6 to the axis ofrotation 2.

The voltage waveforms generated on the sensor 6 with the orientationdepicted in FIG. 3 are identical to the voltage waveforms according tothe arrangement of FIG. 2, such that reference is made to theaforementioned embodiments in this regard.

In alternative embodiments a larger number of N-S magnetized sectors ofequal size are provided, rather than just two N-S magnetized sectors 31,32. Accordingly, the precision of the evaluation increases while usingbasically the same structure.

FIG. 7b depicts another variant of the invention. FIG. 7a depicts,according to the prior art, a signal-generating element 3′ extendinglongitudinally, which has alternating segments 31′, 32′ of differentmagnetic polarity N, S. The signal-generating element 3′ has alongitudinal axis 2′, along which the individual segments 31′, 32′ aredisposed. The signal-generating element 3′ may, for example, be a barmagnet, but may also be a magnetic strip which has alternating N-Smagnetized regions. The signal-generating element 3′ is connected, forexample, to a first aggregate part (not shown) of an aggregate.

A Hall sensor 6, which is designed as in the previous figures and isconnected with an evaluation unit (not shown) , is associated with thesignal-generating element 3′. The Hall sensor 6 is attached on aschematically depicted second aggregate part 13, which is translatorilyshiftable relative to the signal-generating element 3′ or the firstaggregate part connected therewith, and represents, in particular, apart of a window lifter mechanism or a sun roof mechanism in motorvehicles.

With a relative movement parallel to the longitudinal axis 2′ betweenthe aggregate part 13 or Hall sensor 6 and the signal-generating element3′, a voltage is generated in the Hall sensor 6, which is alternatinglypositive or negative depending on the magnetic field lines passingthrough the Hall sensor 6. By evaluation of the voltage waveform, it ispossible to determine the relative speed between the signal-generatingelement 3′ and the Hall sensor 6. However, because of the symmetricalvoltage signal, it is impossible to determine the direction of movement.

In FIG. 7b, the Hall sensor 6 is aligned, according to the invention,relative to the signal-generating element 3′ or its longitudinal axis 2′such that the normal vector 85 to the sensitive surface 61 of the sensorelement 6 does not point, as in known sensor arrangements, perpendicularto the longitudinal axis 2′, but rather is disposed at an angle βrelative to the (imaginary) vector 86, which is perpendicular to thelongitudinal axis 2′. The sensitive surface 61 of the Hall sensor 6 istipped by an angle β relative to an axis parallel to the longitudinalaxis 2′ of the signal-generating element 3′.

Due to the orientation of the Hall sensor 6 at an angle to thelongitudinal axis 2′, a relative movement between the signal-generatingelement 3′ and the Hall sensor 6 generates a voltage signal, which has arising or falling signal waveform for each sector 31′, 32′ depending onthe direction of movement. Consequently, in addition to the speed of thetranslatory movement, the direction of movement is also encoded by thesignal detected.

Also, a reversal of direction can be precisely determined since thevoltage signal has a maximum or a minimum at the point of the reversalof direction and is symmetrical about the maximum or the minimum. Thevoltage waveform corresponds to the voltage waveform described in FIGS.4a-4 c. A change in speed is likewise precisely detectable within onevoltage pulse, as described above with regard to FIG. 5.

FIG. 6 explains the mode of operation of the invention on a Hall sensor60 rotated by an angle β, which moves in a linear fashion in themagnetic field of a bar magnet 13. In each case, only the normalcomponent B₁, B₂, B₃, B₄ of the magnetic field strength generatesvoltage on the semiconductor wafer of the Hall sensor 60. It is assumedthat the magnetic field strength or the magnetic flow density B₀ isconstant.

Because of the oblique position of the Hall sensor 60, the normalcomponent B₁, B₂, B₃, B₄ of the magnetic induction B has, during alinear movement of the Hall sensor 60 in the magnetic field of the barmagnet 13, in each case a different value such that a waveform developsin which the Hall voltage U of the sensor 60 in the magnetic field isnot constant, but rather rises or falls, depending on the direction ofmovement as shown in FIGS. 6a and 6 b. The same result is obtained withthe arrangement of a sensor in the field of an annular magnet if bothmove relative to each other around a reference axis and the sensor isdisposed relative to the annular magnet such that the normal vector ofthe sensitive surface of the sensor element does not point in thedirection of the axis of rotation of the annular magnet. This conceptunderlies the present invention.

The invention is not restricted in its implementation to the exemplaryembodiments indicated above. Rather, a number of variants which make useof the process according to the invention, even with fundamentallydifferent types of embodiments, are conceivable.

What is claimed is:
 1. An arrangement for detection of a rotationalmovement of a rotary drive having a rotational axis comprising, asignal-generating element nonrotatably connected to the rotary drive,the signal generating element having uniformly disposed segments ofdifferent magnetic polarity, and an analog, magnet-sensitive sensorelement having a sensitive surface, wherein the signal-generatingelement and the sensor element are arranged, such that during rotationof the rotary drive, the sensor element generates signal pulses thathave a rising or falling waveform between their edges depending on thedirection of rotation of the rotary drive, and such that when thedirection of rotation is reversed, the sign of the waveform changes,wherein the signal-generating element is disposed concentrically on therotational axis of the rotary drive and the sensor element is orientedaway from a transverse orientation at least around an axis which runsparallel to the axis of rotation and is aligned such that the normalvector of the sensitive surface forms an angle relative to a vectorpointing from the sensor element perpendicular to the axis of rotationof the signal-generating element.
 2. An arrangement according to claim1, wherein the sensor element is tipped away from a transverseorientation relative to an axis that runs substantially parallel to theaxis of rotation.
 3. An arrangement according to claim 1, wherein thesensor element is laterally offset from a transverse position relativeto the axis of rotation of the signal-generating element.
 4. Anarrangement according to claim 1, wherein the signal-generating elementcomprises an annular magnet or a magnetic disk.
 5. An arrangementaccording to claim 1, wherein the magnet-sensitive sensor elementcomprises a Hall sensor, wherein the sensitive surface of the sensorelement comprises a semiconductor wafer of the Hall sensor and a maximumsignal is generated by the sensor element with perpendicular incidenceof magnetic field lines upon the sensor element.
 6. An arrangementaccording to claim 1, wherein the signal pulses are analog voltagesignal pulses, and further comprising an evaluation unit to conduct anevaluation of the analog voltage signal pulses and an analog/digitalconverter to convert the analog voltage signal pulses appearing on thesensor element into a digital signal after the evaluation unit conductsthe evaluation of the analog voltage signal pulses.
 7. An arrangementaccording to claim 1, wherein the signal pulses are analog voltagesignal pulses, and wherein means for evaluation of the waveform of theanalog voltage signal pulses as well as a threshold value switch, whichconverts the analog voltage signal pulses appearing on the sensor into adigital signal, are integrated into the sensor element.
 8. Anarrangement for detection of a translatory movement, comprising asignal-generating element having segments of different magnetic polaritydisposed alternatingly along a longitudinal axis, and an analog,magnet-sensitive sensor element having a sensitive surface, wherein thesensor element generates signal pulses that have a rising or fallingwaveform between their edges depending on the direction of movement,such that when the direction of movement is reversed, the sign of thewaveform changes, wherein the sensor element is aligned such that anormal vector of the sensitive surface of the sensor element forms anangle with a vector pointing from the sensor element perpendicular tothe longitudinal axis of the signal-generating element.
 9. Anarrangement according to claim 2, wherein the signal-generating elementcomprises a bar magnet or a magnetic strip.
 10. An arrangement accordingto claim 2, wherein the magnet-sensitive sensor element comprises a Hallsensor, wherein the sensitive surface of the sensor element comprises asemiconductor wafer of the Hall sensor and a maximum signal is generatedby the sensor element with perpendicular incidence of magnetic fieldlines upon the sensor element.
 11. An arrangement according to claim 8,wherein the signal pulses are analog voltage signal pulses, and furthercomprising an evaluation unit to conduct an evaluation of the analogvoltage signal pulses and an analog/digital converter to convert theanalog voltage signal pulses appearing on the sensor element into adigital signal after the evaluation unit conducts the evaluation of theanalog voltage signal pulses.
 12. An arrangement according to claim 8,wherein the signal pulses are analog voltage signal pulses, and meansfor evaluation of the waveform of the analog voltage signal pulses aswell as a threshold value switch, which converts an analog voltageappearing on the sensor into a digital signal, are integrated into thesensor element.
 13. An arrangement for detection of a rotationalmovement of a rotary drive having a rotational axis comprising, asignal-generating element nonrotatably connected to the rotary drive,the signal generating element having uniformly disposed segments ofdifferent magnetic polarity, and an analog, magnet-sensitive sensorelement having a sensitive surface, wherein the signal-generatingelement and the sensor element are arranged, such that during rotationof the rotary drive, the sensor element generates signal pulses thathave a rising or falling waveform between their edges depending on thedirection of rotation of the rotary drive, and such that when thedirection of rotation is reversed, the sign of the waveform changes,wherein the signal-generating element is disposed concentrically on therotational axis of the rotary drive and the sensor element is orientedaway from a transverse orientation at least around an axis which runsparallel to the axis of rotation and is aligned such that, in a planeperpendicular to the axis of rotation, the normal vector of thesensitive surface forms an angle relative to a vector pointing from thesensor element perpendicular to the axis of rotation of thesignal-generating element.
 14. The arrangement according to claim 13,wherein the sensor element is aligned such that, in a planeperpendicular to the axis of rotation, the normal vector of thesensitive surface forms an angle relative to a vector pointing from thecenter of the sensor element perpendicular to the axis of rotation ofthe signal-generating element.